You can view this graph to understand how both standard and non-standard agreements linked to readmission intersect. This dual approach explains why it is important to talk about agreements linked to readmission, for it encompasses agreements that can be standard and non-standard. Many EU Member States, as well as other countries around the world, have concluded such bilateral non-standard agreements in order to address re-documentation and the delivery of travel documents or laissez-passers to remove foreigners who are viewed or defined as being irregular. Among others, the rationale for such non-standard agreements is to respond flexibly to various contingencies over time. by using exchanges of letters and memoranda of understanding). police cooperation agreements including a clause on readmission, administrative arrangements, and partnership agreements) or to deal with it through other channels (e.g. They may decide to graft readmission onto a broader framework of bilateral cooperation (e.g. Under certain circumstances, two states may agree to conclude a bilateral agreement or arrangement without necessarily formalizing their cooperation. However, making an inventory of bilateral standard readmission agreements would never suffice to capture the various cooperative mechanisms that have been designed to facilitate the expulsion of foreigners viewed as being irregular. Since its inception, the need for a dual approach has become evident in order to capture states’ bilateral agreements and arrangements linked to readmission.įor many decades, cooperation on readmission has been bilaterally practiced while gaining tremendous momentum in bilateral and multilateral talks.īilateral agreements may be formalized, as is often the case, through the conclusion of standard readmission agreements based on reciprocal obligations.
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